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膝關節脫位
patellar luxation
Smaller breeds of dogs, like Toy Poodles Teacup Poodles Teddy Bear Poodles, have the highest chance to get patella luxation.
A joint fracture of dog's hind legs, is because of the knee cape (patella) unable to be glided up and down, the groove of femur causes the abnormal patella luxate sideways.
It can be divided into four levels,
Level 1: fracture can be caused by bare hands or external force. After losing the pressure the keen cape will glide back to the right position.
Level 2: The fracture can be caused by bare hands, external force or the patella (keen cape) glide away when the keen bent. After relocated by bare hands, dog does the stretch itself or turn tibia against to fracture direction and back to the right position.
Level 3: The patella (keen cape) remains fracture most of the time, but can be glided back to by bare hands when straighten the keen joints, and back to fracture when bent.
Level 4: The patella (keen cape) remains fracture without any external force and unable to be relocated by bare hands. The tibia occurs 90 ∘rotation and the groove has occurred shallower or gradually vanish. And the quadriceps have shifted to fracture direction.
Treatment for Luxating Patellas
For level 1 (described above) most veterinarians might suggest medical treatment. For Level 2 – Level 4 surgery would be required. 90% of dogs can be improved after a surgical treatment, however, 48% of dogs have relapsed after treatment.
Patella Luxation mostly happens because of external force and genetic can play the role partly. After the symptoms occur it might become severer gradually by time. Also, luxating patella could be developed to Osteoarthritis, so chondroitin medical treatment is recommended.
Somehow luxating patella can lead to Cranial cruciate ligament rupture of dog.
For instant, if you find the hind legs of your dog couldn’t support any weight this might be the trauma of Anterior Cruciate Ligament.
As expected, medical therapy has little corrective ability in this disorder and surgery is therefore required and is the treatment of choice. A surgical treatment is not necessary in every individual with this condition.
Levels of Patella luxation in animal hospitals
Level 1: Relocated to correct position automatically after fracture.
Level 2: Relocated by external force and will not back to fracture position.
Level 3: After relocated by external force will back to fracture position.
Level 4: Without any external force the lower hind legs remain fracture position.
After all, the best way to diagnose the disease is going to see a experienced veterinarian.
This also needs X-ray to diagnose the condition. The most common reason is its groove of femur (thigh bone) has become shallower.
Surgical and medical treatments
Every level of patella luxation has different type of treatment.
This will require your veterinarian to determine which would be the right treatment for your dog's situation.
Fee would also depend on the level of patella luxation and the treatment.
According to Taiwan national report states the best timing of surgery would be 6 month old or older. It is difficult to diagnose patella luxation or operate a surgery for a 3-5 months old puppy. Its bone structure will continually to grow before becoming to an adult dog.
Because once the surgery has been operated, it would be very difficult to look after afterward. Even though the bone plates have been set and screw-locked, the bone can be growing and the situation can be beyond the control.
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